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101.
Kai-Ying Chiang Tsan-Yao Chen Chih-Hao Lee Tsang-Lang Lin Ming-Kuang Wang Ling-Yun Jang Jyh-Fu Lee 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(3):626-636
This study investigates biogeochemical reductive release of arsenate from beudantite into solution in a crater area in northern Taiwan,using a combination of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and atomic absorption spectrometry.Total arsenic (As) concentrations in the soil were more than 200 mg/kg.Over four months of laboratory experiments,less than 0.8% As was released into solution after reduction experiments.The 71% to 83% As was chemically reduced into arsenite (As(III)) and partially weathering into the soluble phase.The kinetic dissolution and re-precipitation of As,Fe,Pb and sulfate in this area of paddy soils merits further study. 相似文献
102.
Hung-Lung Chiang Cho-Ching Lo Sen-Yi Ma 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):624-633
Introduction
The pyrolytic method was employed to recycle metals and brominated compounds blended into printed circuit boards (PCBs). 相似文献103.
Bea V. Chang Bei W. Chiang Shaw Y. Yuan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):387-392
This study investigated the effects of various factors on the anaerobic degradation of nonylphenol (NP) in soil. The results show that the optimal pH for NP degradation was 7.0 and that the degradation rate was enhanced when the temperature was increased. The addition of compost enhanced NP degradation. The individual addition of the electron donors lactate, acetate, and pyruvate inhibited NP degradation. The high-to-low order of NP degradation rates under three anaerobic conditions was sulfate-reducing conditions > methanogenic conditions > nitrate-reducing conditions. The results show that sulfate-reducing bacteria, methanogen, and eubacteria are involved in the anaerobic degradation of NP, with sulfate-reducing bacteria being a major component of the soil. Of the anaerobic strains isolated from the soil samples, strain AT3 expressed the best ability to biodegrade NP. 相似文献
104.
P.F.A.M. Römkens H.Y. Guo C.L. Chu T.S. Liu C.F. Chiang G.F. Koopmans 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(8-9):2435-2444
Cadmium (Cd) levels in paddy fields across Taiwan have increased due to emission from industry. To ensure the production of rice that meets food quality standards, predictive models or suitable soil tests are needed to evaluate the quality of soils to be used for rice cropping. Levels of Cd in soil and rice grains were measured in 19 paddy fields across the western plains in Taiwan. Cadmium levels in soil range from less than 0.1 mg kg?1 to 30 mg kg?1. Measured Cd levels in brown rice were predicted very well (R2 > 0.8) based on Cd and Zinc in a 0.01 M CaCl2 extract or a soil–plant transfer model using the reactive soil Cd content, pH, and cation exchange capacity. In contrast to current soil quality standards used in Taiwan, such models are effective in identifying soils where Cd in rice will exceed food quality standards. 相似文献
105.
As Hong Kong is a compact city with limited available land and high land prices, the construction of high-rise buildings is prevalent. The construction industry produces a significant amount of building waste. In 2005, about 21.5 million tonnes of construction waste were generated, of which 11% was disposed of in landfills and 89% in public filling areas. At the present rate, Hong Kong will run out of both public filling areas and landfill space within the next decade. The government is taking action to tackle the problem, such as by introducing a construction waste landfill charge, and promoting prefabrication to reduce on-site waste generation. This paper reports an ongoing study on the use of prefabrication in buildings and its impact on waste reduction in Hong Kong. A questionnaire survey was administered to experienced professionals, and case studies of recently completed building projects were conducted. The results revealed that construction waste reduction is one of the major benefits when using prefabrication compared with conventional construction. The average wastage reduction level was about 52%. This implies that a wider use of prefabrication could considerably reduce construction waste generation in Hong Kong and alleviate the burdens associated with its management. 相似文献
106.
Chromate reduction on humic acid derived from a peat soil--exploration of the activated sites on HAs for chromate removal 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Huang SW Chiang PN Liu JC Hung JT Kuan WH Tzou YM Wang SL Huang JH Chen CC Wang MK Loeppert RH 《Chemosphere》2012,87(6):587-594
Humic substances are a major component of soil organic matter that influence the behavior and fate of heavy metals such as Cr(VI), a toxic and carcinogenic element. In the study, a repetitive extraction technique was used to fractionate humic acids (HAs) from a peat soil into three fractions (denoted as F1, F2, and F3), and the relative importance of O-containing aromatic and aliphatic domains in humic substances for scavenging Cr(VI) was addressed at pH 1. Spectroscopic analyses indicated that the concentrations of aromatic C and O-containing functional groups decreased with a progressive extraction as follows: F1>F2>F3. Cr(VI) removal by HA proceeded slowly, but it was enhanced when light was applied due to the production of efficient reductants, such as superoxide radical and H(2)O(2), for Cr(VI). Higher aromatic- and O-containing F1 fraction exhibited a greater efficiency for Cr(VI) reduction (with a removal rate of ca. 2.89 mmol g(-1) HA under illumination for 3 h). (13)C NMR and FTIR spectra further demonstrated that the carboxyl groups were primarily responsible for Cr(VI) reduction. This study implied the mobility and fate of Cr(VI) would be greatly inhibited in the environments containing such organic groups. 相似文献
107.
The objective of this research work was to evaluate the performance of enhanced coagulation by alum and polymer. Synthetic source waters containing high molecular weight humic acids, medium molecular weight tannic acids and low molecular weight p-hydroxybenzoic acid were formulated by adjusting the concentration of turbidity and pH; and jar tests were used to study the effect of various types and dosages of polymer on reducing the above model compounds. At a specific pH condition, the applied alum dosage would efficiently decrease the turbidity to 2 NTU follows the order: humic>tannic>p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Adjustment of pH influenced the performance of alum obviously but not of p-DADMAC. High p-DADMAC dosage overwhelming the effects of alum is less affected by pH adjustment. The results of this investigation reveal that enhanced coagulation with p-DADMAC was founded to be very effective for removing high-molecular-weight THM precursors, i.e., humic acid and tannic acid, and markedly reduced the alum dosages required for turbidity removal. The other two polymers, i.e., cationic PAM and non-ionic PAM, which had higher molecular weight but lower charge density than p-DADMAC, were not capable of removing organic precursors. It was thus concluded that enhanced coagulation with polymer, p-DADMAC, could be considered as a promising technique for removal of NOMs with hydrophobic and higher-molar-mass (>1K) in water treatment plants. 相似文献
108.
Chiang BC Wey MY Liu KY 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(2):181-193
This study focuses on the control of particulates with a fluidized-bed filter in exhaust gas stream. The fluidized-bed filter classified in the granular bed filtration technology was employed to demonstrate the performance for removal of fly ash at indicated operating velocities, fixed bed heights, and bed temperatures; then the collecting mechanisms of particulates by fluidized-bed filter were studied. The size distribution of fly ash passing through the fluidized-bed filter was also analyzed. The results indicate that at higher operating velocities and fixed bed heights, the removal of fly ash is more efficient and inertial impaction is the main mechanism when the fluidized-bed is operated at room temperature (25 degrees C). While operating at higher temperatures (200 degrees C), efficiency of 93.2% to 99.4% can be achieved for submicron particles. It is supposed to be the diffusion mechanism that is responsible for collecting such small particles, and high temperature is a favorable condition because of diffusion. 相似文献
109.
The reuse of biosludge as an adsorbent from a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chiang HL Choa CG Chen SY Tsai MC 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2003,53(9):1042-1051
Biosludge was obtained from a petrochemical industry's biological wastewater treatment plant. Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was used as a sludge activation agent during the pyrolytic process. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image photographs, element composition, surface functional group, and pore structure were analyzed for the sludge adsorbent characteristics. Results indicated the proper ZnCl2-immersed concentration, pyrolytic temperature, and time could produce adsorbent from the biosludge. The optimal conditions for a larger surface area adsorbent were 3 M ZnCl2-immersed sludge pyrolyzed at 600 degrees C for 30 min and washed with 3 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution and distilled water. The predominant pore size of the sludge adsorbent was the mesopore. 相似文献
110.
Chiang PC Chang EE Chang TC Chiang HL 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(3):326-341
This study investigated the relationships between meteorological data, pollution sources, and receptors over northern Taiwan. During the intensive sampling period in summer 1992, the weather was controlled predominantly by a Pacific subtropical high and by Typhoon Mark. During the other intensive sampling period in winter 1993, while a cold frontal system approached Taiwan, the northeasterly winds prevailed most of the time. The local circulation such as land-sea breeze only developed under weak synoptic environment. Particle concentrations and element composition in winter were higher than in summer. This can be attributed to the high convection of air mass, which leads to the vertical dispersion of pollutants in summer. In addition to the subtropical high pressure, typhoons are frequently accompanied with high-wind speeds and unstable weather conditions that also dilute and eliminate the pollutants. In winter, the prevailing northeasterlies might carry pollutants from Midland China. Furthermore, the anticyclone system develops a stagnant condition that easily leads to pollutant accumulation. In this case, the wind direction affected the source contribution of the receptor and the PM10 displays a higher correlation with coarse and fine particulate than meteorological parameters in summer. In addition, the mixing height shows a high correlation with PM10 in winter. 相似文献